Alcohol initially boosts dopamine and creates feelings of confidence and ease. Over time, however, the brain adapts, reducing natural dopamine production and leaving people feeling anxious, numb, or depressed when sober.

Recovery from substance use disorder and mental health challenges is often misunderstood as a single transformation—like crossing a finish line or flipping a switch. But anyone who has been on the path of recovery, or walked alongside someone who has, knows the truth: